The recent study published in the Lancet Planetary Health journal has brought to light a grim reality: 33,000 deaths annually in ten major Indian cities are linked to air pollution levels that exceed the World Health Organisation (WHO) guidelines. This alarming statistic has prompted the National Green Tribunal (NGT) to initiate suo motu proceedings, underscoring the urgent need for a comprehensive and coordinated response to this public health crisis.
Air pollution has long been recognized as a significant environmental and health hazard. The study highlights that even cities previously considered less polluted, such as Mumbai, Bengaluru, Kolkata, and Chennai, are now grappling with severe air quality issues. The findings are a stark reminder that air pollution is not just a problem for the traditionally industrial or densely populated areas but a pervasive issue affecting urban centres across the country.
The Indian government’s response to the study, as noted during the budget session of Parliament, has been somewhat dismissive. The environment ministry’s written response emphasized the lack of “conclusive data” to establish a direct correlation between air pollution and deaths. This stance, while technically accurate, overlooks the broader implications of the study. Air pollution is indeed one of many factors affecting respiratory ailments and associated diseases, but its role as a significant contributor cannot be understated.
The ministry also pointed out the limitations of the study, which relied on statistical models. While it is true that statistical models have their constraints, they are a crucial tool in environmental health research. These models help in understanding complex relationships between pollutants and health outcomes, providing valuable insights that can inform policy and intervention strategies.
The NGT’s decision to issue notices to the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), the Environment Ministry, and state pollution control boards is a step in the right direction. However, addressing air pollution requires more than just legal proceedings. It demands a multi-faceted approach involving stringent regulatory measures, public awareness campaigns, and the promotion of cleaner technologies.
Public health should be at the forefront of policy-making. The government must prioritize reducing emissions from key sources such as vehicles, industries, and construction activities. Implementing and enforcing stricter emission standards, promoting the use of public transportation, and encouraging the adoption of renewable energy sources are essential steps.
Community involvement is equally crucial. Public awareness campaigns can educate citizens about the health risks associated with air pollution and the steps they can take to minimize their exposure. Schools, workplaces, and local communities can play a pivotal role in advocating for cleaner air and holding authorities accountable.